ముందుమాట

భాష అనేది ప్రవహిస్తున్న నది వంటిది. అది అవసరాన్ని బట్టి తన దిశను సైతం మార్చుకుని నిరంతరం కదిలి పోతుంటుంది. ఒకప్పుడున్న గ్రామర్ రూల్స్ ఇప్పుడు లేవు. కాలగమనంలో వాటిలో కూడా ఎన్నో మార్పులు-చేర్పులు. ఈ బ్లాగ్ లోని వివరణలు ఎందరో Grammarian ల కృషి ఫలితం తో మనమందరం నేర్చుకున్నవే. ఇంగ్లిష్ నేర్చుకోవాలనే కోరిక మీ హృదయాంతరాళలో నిరంతరం రగులుతూనే ఉండాలి.అది ఎలా వుండాలంటే ఒక్కసారి కమిట్ అయితే మీ మాట మీరే విననంతటి స్థాయిలో వుండాలి. సలహాలు సూచనలు, సదా ఆహ్వానితాలు. నమస్తే -ప్రతాప్

Wednesday, September 19, 2012

VOICE

VOICE ( FOR SSC ENGLISH & TELUGU MEDIUM STUDENTS)
VOICE

SIMPLE PRESENT ( AV--- V1,    PV--- is/am/are+V3)

v  The peon rings the bell(AV) Answer:.. The bell is rung by the peon (PV)
v  They make kites ……………………………….Kites are made by them
v  He beats me…………………………………….. I am beaten by him
v  Mr.Pratap doesn’t play cricket………….Cricket is not played by Mr.Pratap

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (AV---is/am/are+V1+ing,   PV---is/am/are+being+V3)
v  The man is carrying two boxes……………….Two boxes are being carried by the man
v  She is singing a song……………………………….A song is being sung by her
v  He is questioning me about the theft……..I am being questioned by him about the theft

PRESENT PERFECT (AV---have/has+V3,   PV--- have/has+been+V3)
v  The police have caught the theif…………………The theif has been caught by the police
v  No one has seen the new servant since last night….The new servant has not been seen by anyone since last night
v  The teacher has punished the boys…………..The boys have been punished by the Teacher

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:   No Passive Form

SIMPLE PAST (AV--- V2,    PV----Was/Were+V3)
v  They invited me………………………………………..I was invited by them
v  Some one gave him a gift………………………….He was given a gift/ A gift was given to him
v  They checked the files………………………………The files were checked by them

PAST CONTINUOUS ( AV—was/were+V1+ing,  PV---- was/were+being+V3)
v  The mechanic was reparing the car…………The car was being repaired by the mechanic
v  She was drawing the pictures………………….The pictures were being drawn by her
v  They were pulling down the log……………… The log was being pulled down by them

PAST PERFECT ( AV--- Had+V3,  PV---Had+Been+V3)
v  He had polished my shoes…………………………My shoes had been polished by him
v  Sudha had given eighty performances before she was injured…….. Eighty performances Had been given by Sudha before she was injured
v  Jesse Ownes had set the world record in long jump….The world record had been set by (S) + EW

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:   No Passive Form

SIMPLE FUTURE (AV- Will/Shall+V1,  PV- Will/Shall+be+V3)
v  They will review the laws…………………………..The laws will be reviewed by them
v  The narrator will pay fifty dollars……………….Fifty dollars will be paid by the narrator
v  I shall buy an apartment…………………………….An apartment will be bought by me

FUTURE CONTINUOUS – No Passive Form

FUTURE PERFECT (AV----Will/Shall+have+V3,  PV—Will/Shall+have+been+V3)
v  He will have completed the task……………..The task will have been completed by him
v  The children will have taken the message….The message will have been taken by the children
v  They  will have served hot meals………………Hot meals will have been served by them

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS – No Passive Form

MODAL AUXILIARIES ( AV--- V+O,  PV--- M.A+BE+V3) ( WILL,SHALL,WOULD,SHOULD,CAN,COULD,MAY,MIGHT,MUST, HAVE TO, NEED, DARE, AND USED TO లనుModal auxiliaries గా చెప్పవచ్చు)
v  They should despatch the file immediately….The file should be despatched by them immediately
v  People must not leave articles in the auditorium…Articles must not be left in the auditorium
v  She can not speak English…………………. English can not be spoken by her


IMPERATIVE SENTENCES ( AV--- V+O,   PV----LET+S/O+BE+V3)

v  Leave the room……………..Let the room be left
v  Water the garden………….Let the garden be watered
v  Post the letter……………….Let the letter be posted
v  Don’t touch the bag………Let the bag not be touched
v  Don’t close the door……..Let the door not be closed

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Questions start with ‘wh’ words
v  Why did he take the laptop?  ( (why) he took the laptop,  the laptop was taken by him, was the laptop taken by him) …Why was the laptop taken by him
v  Who teaches you English?  ( X teaches you English, .. English is taught to you by x, is english taught to you by x,)  By whome is english taught to you? You are taught english by x, By whom are you taught english?
v  Whom did you call? …………Who was called by you (Active లో who Passive లో ‘By Whom’ గాను, Active లో ‘whom’ Passive లో ‘who’ గాను మారుతుంది)
v  When will he return the book? ( (when) he will return the book, the book will be returned by him, will the book be returned by him,) when will the book be returned by him?
v  Which games do you play?(you play games, games are played by you)Which games are played by you ?
v  How did he find it? ((how) He found it, it was found by him) How was it found by him?
v  Where did he buy it? ((where)He bought it, it was bought by him) Where was it bought by him?
v  When did you sell it away? (you sold it away, it was sold away by you) When was it sold away by you?
v  Who rang the bell? (x rang the bell, the bell was rung by x) By whom was the bell rung?
v  Who taught you English? (1. X taught you english, english was taught to you by x) By whom was english taught to you (2)You were taught english by x) By whom were you taught english?
v  What do you want? (You want x, x is wanted by you) What is wanted by you?
v  What are you doing? (You are doing x, x is being done by you) What is being done by you?

QUESTIONS START WITH ‘AUXILIARY VERBS’
v  Has a dog ever bitten you? ( A dog has ever bitten you…you have ever been bitten by a dog.) Have you ever been  bitten by a dog
v  Did she do it? ( She did it, it was done by her) Was it done by her?
v  Will they kill animalas? ( They will kill animals.. Animals will be killed by them) Will animals be killed by them?
v  Is he cleaning the room? (He is cleaning the room, the room is being cleaned by him) Is the room being cleaned by him?
v  Does he play cricket? (He plays cricket, cricket is played by him) Is cricket played by him?
v  Can you do it? (You can do it, It can be done by you) Can it be done by you?
v  Has he seen it? (He has seen it, it has been seen by him) Has it been seen by him?


Tuesday, September 18, 2012

వినాయక చవితి శుభాకాంక్షలు

ఓం విఘ్నేశ్వరాయ నమః

'శుక్లాం బరధారం, విష్ణుం, శశి వర్ణం చతుర్భు జమ్
ప్రసన్న వదనం ధ్యాయేత్, సర్వ విఘ్నో పశాంతయే'
శ్రీ వర సిద్ది వినాయక
పవన గజ వాదన కాణిపాకం సదనా
కావుము భక్త జనంబుల
నివే ప్రమాణాల స్వామి విల నెల్ల రకున్
మీ ప్రతాప్

Saturday, September 8, 2012

WHO,WHAT,WHICH తో PASSIVE VOICE

WHO,WHAT,WHICH తో PASSIVE VOICE 


డియర్ స్టూడెంట్స్,
క్రితం పోస్టులో మనము  WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW లతో passive voice లు తయారుచేశాము కదా....

ఇప్పుడు who, what, which ల తో చూద్దాం.

Who, What, Which  లను  Interrogative Pronouns అంటారు.
వీనితో ప్రారంభమగు ప్రశ్నలను Passive లోనికి మార్చునప్పుడు Passive Voice లో verb ని Subject (Interrogative Pronouns) కి తరువాత మాత్రమే వుంచుతాము.

Interrogative: Who rang the bell?
Assertive:      The bell was rung by whom.

* కానీ who తో ప్రారంభం అగు ప్రశ్నలను Passive లోనికి మార్చునప్పుడు అనూచానంగా వున్న నియమం ప్రకారం by whom ని subject చేసి దాని తరువాత verb వుంచుతాము. కాబట్టి .....
By whom was the bell rung?
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II) Who taught you English? (AV)
    You were taught English by whom.
     Were you taught English by whom?
    By whom were you taught English?  (PV)

III) What do you want?
     You (do) want what
      What is wanted by you?

IV) What are  you doing?
      You are doing what.
       What is being done by  you?
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"పంచ భూతాలకు కృతజ్ఞతలు - అనంత సృష్టికి కృతజ్ఞతలు - సృష్టికర్తకు కృతజ్ఞతలు - కన్నవారికి కృతజ్ఞతలు - గురువులకు కృతజ్ఞతలు - ఈ విషయం మీ అందరి దృష్టికి తేవాలన్న ఆలోచన కలిగించిని నాలోని నాకు కృతజ్ఞతలు - క్షమాగుణాన్ని పెంపొందించినందుకు నన్ను బాధపెట్టినవారికి కృతజ్ఞతలు - నాలో జ్ఞానదాహాన్ని కలిగించినందుకు నా అజ్ఞానానికి కృతజ్ఞతలు - నాకు గెలుపు పాఠాలు బోధించినందుకు నా వైఫల్యాలకు కృతజ్ఞతలు - పరిష్కారాన్ని కనుగొనే శక్తిని ఇచ్చిన్నదుకు సమస్యలకు కృతజ్ఞతలు - కలిమికి కారణమైనందుకు లేమికి కృతజ్ఞతలు - కృతజ్ఞత గొప్పతనాన్ని తెలియజెప్పిన కృతఘ్నులకు కృతజ్ఞతలు
(ఈనాడు సౌజన్యంతో )

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* If you are depressed, you are living in the past-If you are anxious, you are living in the future-If you are at peace, you are living in the present *

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* ఈ జీవితమే ఒక ఆక్సిడెంట్. ఇక్కడ ఎవరికి ఏది లభించినా అది ఏక్సిడెంటల్. ఎవరు ఏది పోగొట్టుకున్నా అది యాక్సిడెంటల్. ఏదో వస్తే / పొందితే /దక్కితే తాను గొప్పని , మరేదో పోతే/పోగొట్టుకుంటే /దక్కకుంటే తాను ఎదవని ఎవరూ నిర్దారించుకోవలసిన అవసరం లేదు. మన ప్రయత్నం అన్నది చెక్కులో సున్నలు పెడుతూ వెళ్ళడమే. అంకె పడేది భగవత్ కృపతోనే. అది ఎడమ వైపు పడుతుందో, కుడి వైపు పడుతుందో, అసలు పడుతుందో పడదో అది అతనికే ఎరుక. Sundaresan Murugan *
 
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